Compare Bahrain (2002) - British Indian Ocean Territory (2003)

Compare Bahrain (2002) z British Indian Ocean Territory (2003)

	Bahrain (2002)	British Indian Ocean Territory (2003)

Administrative divisions	12 municipalities (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa' wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah note: all municipalities administered from Manama	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 29.2% (male 97,022; female 94,605) 15-64 years: 67.7% (male 261,919; female 182,727) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 10,230; female 9,894) (2002 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish	-
Airports	4 (2001)	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 over 3,047 m: 2 (2002)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	-
Area	total: 665 sq km land: 665 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 60 sq km land: 60 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago
Area - comparative	3.5 times the size of Washington, DC	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Possessing minimal oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining, and has transformed itself into an international banking center. The new amir, installed in 1999, has pushed economic and political reforms, and has worked to improve relations with the Shi'a community. In February 2001, Bahraini voters approved a referendum on the National Action Charter - the centerpiece of the amir's political liberalization program. In February 2002, Amir HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa proclaimed himself king. In local elections held in May 2002, Bahraini women were allowed to vote and run for office for the first time.	Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order that had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.
Birth rate	19.53 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $1.8 billion expenditures: $2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $700 million (2002 est.)	-
Capital	Manama	-
Climate	arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers	tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline	161 km	698 km
Constitution	adopted late December 2000; Bahrani voters approved on 13-14 February 2001 a referendum on legislative changes (revised constitution calls for a partially elected legislature, a constitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary)	-
Country name	conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain conventional short form: Bahrain local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn local short form: Al Bahrayn former: Dilmun	conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none abbreviation: BIOT
Currency	Bahraini dinar (BHD)	-
Death rate	3.95 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Debt - external	$2.8 billion (2000)	-
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Ronald E. NEUMANN embassy: Building #979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 321, Zinj District, Manama mailing address: American Embassy Manama, PSC 451, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama telephone: [973] 273-300 FAX: [973] 272-594	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Khalifa bin Ali bin Rashid AL KHALIFA chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 342-0741 FAX: [1] (202) 362-2192 consulate(s) general: New York	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	none	Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; repatriation is complicated by the US military lease of Diego Garcia, the largest island in the chain
Economic aid - recipient	$48.4 million (1995) (1995)	-
Economy - overview	In Bahrain, petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. Bahrain is dependent on Saudi Arabia for oil revenue granted as aid. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from refining imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems.	All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing.
Electricity - consumption	5,361.45 million kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	5.765 billion kWh (2000)	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m
Environment - current issues	desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources, groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Bahraini 63%, Asian 19%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8%	-
Exchange rates	Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.3760 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969) head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since NA 1971) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Commissioner Alan HUCKLE (since 2001); Administrator Louise SAVILL (since NA); note - both reside in the UK cabinet: NA elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch
Exports	$5.5 billion (2001)	-
Exports - commodities	petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles	-
Exports - partners	India 8.4%, US 3.9%, Saudi Arabia 3.4%, Japan 2.8%, South Korea 2.1% (2000)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	red with a white serrated band (eight white points) on the hoist side	white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP	purchasing power parity - $8.4 billion (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1% industry: 35% services: 64% (2001 est.)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $13,000 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	4% (2001 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	26 00 N, 50 33 E	6 00 S, 71 30 E
Geography - note	close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean	archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility
Heliports	1 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 3,164 km paved: 2,433 km unpaved: 731 km note: a paved causeway links Bahrain and Saudi Arabia	total: NA km paved: short section of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	$4.5 billion (2001)	-
Imports - commodities	crude oil, machinery, chemicals	-
Imports - partners	Saudi Arabia 28.7%, US 12.5%, UK 6.6%, France 6%, Japan 4% (2000)	-
Independence	15 August 1971 (from UK)	-
Industrial production growth rate	2% (2000 est.)	-
Industries	petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism	-
Infant mortality rate	19.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.5% (2001 est.)	-
International organization participation	ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	50 sq km (1998 est.)	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	High Civil Appeals Court	-
Labor force	295,000 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 1998 est.) (1998 est.)	-
Labor force - by occupation	industry, commerce, and service 79%, government 20%, agriculture 1% (1997 est.)	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 4.35% permanent crops: 4.35% other: 91.3% (1998 est.)	arable land: NEGL permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu	-
Legal system	based on Islamic law and English common law	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of Shura Council (40 members appointed by the King) and House of Deputies (40 members elected by restricted vote to serve four-year terms) elections: House of Deputies - last held 31 October 2002 (next election to be held NA 2006) election results: House of Deputies - percent of vote - NA%; seats by party - independents 21, Sunni Islamists 9, other 10 note: first elections since 7 December 1973; unicameral National Assembly dissolved 26 August 1975; National Action Charter created bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum 14 February 2001; first legislative session of Parliament held on 25 December 2002	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 73.47 years male: 71.05 years female: 75.96 years (2002 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.5% male: 91.6% female: 84.2% (2002 est.)	-
Location	Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia	archipelago in the Indian Ocean, south of India, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia
Map references	Middle East	Political Map of the World
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined territorial sea: 12 NM	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 270,784 GRT/384,561 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 4, container 2, includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Kuwait 1 (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
Military branches	Bahrain Defense Forces (BDF) comprising Ground Force (includes Air Defense), Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, Police Force, Amiri Guards, National Guard	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$526.2 million (FY01)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	6.7% (FY01)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 222,572 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 121,955 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	15 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 5,926 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date of independence from British protection	-
Nationality	noun: Bahraini(s) adjective: Bahraini	-
Natural hazards	periodic droughts; dust storms	NA
Natural resources	oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls	coconuts, fish, sugarcane
Net migration rate	1.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Pipelines	crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km	-
Political parties and leaders	political parties prohibited but politically oriented nongovernment organizations are allowed	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically in 1994-97, demanding the return of an elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active	-
Population	656,397 note: includes 228,424 non-nationals (July 2002 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960's and 1970's, in November 2000 they were granted the right of return by a British High Court ruling, though no timetable has been set; in 2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personnel and 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	1.67% (2002 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah	Diego Garcia
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	338,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	Shi'a Muslim 70%, Sunni Muslim 30%	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.43 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female total population: 1.29 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: modern system domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones international: tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (1997)	general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use	152,000 (1997)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	58,543 (1997)	-
Television broadcast stations	4 (1997)	1 (1997)
Terrain	mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment	flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)
Total fertility rate	2.75 children born/woman (2002 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	15% (1998 est.)	-
Waterways	none	none

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